Modern scientific methods are significantly enhancing our understanding of the Olmec colossal heads. For instance, radiocarbon dating of charcoal found in the same stratigraphic layers as the heads at San Lorenzo, conducted by researchers like Ann Cyphers, has helped establish a more precise timeline, placing their creation within the Early Preclassic period.

Geochemical analysis of the basalt, as performed by teams at institutions such as the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), has pinpointed specific quarries in the Tuxtla Mountains, like Cerro Cintepec, as the source, revealing the extensive transport networks. Technological tools, such as LiDAR scanning used by teams from the University of Houston and other institutions, have created detailed 3D models, revealing intricate carving techniques.

CT scans, utilized in studies by researchers like Rebecca González Lauck, have allowed for internal examinations, showing potential recarving. AI reconstruction techniques, being explored by various digital archaeology groups, are restoring eroded features. These analyses collectively provide a more nuanced and accurate understanding of the Olmec civilization’s engineering, artistry, and chronology, revealing the logistics and craftsmanship involved.